{"id":7527,"date":"2022-05-15T01:43:31","date_gmt":"2022-05-15T01:43:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/?page_id=7527"},"modified":"2022-05-15T03:25:52","modified_gmt":"2022-05-15T03:25:52","slug":"end-of-life","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/end-of-life\/","title":{"rendered":"8a4 End of Life"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-7527\" data-postid=\"7527\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-7527 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n                    <div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-css_id=\"h8ls821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_h8ls821 tb_first tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_me01822 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_m9p2822 image-center   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-365\" title=\"Number 4 orange square\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C770&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?w=997&amp;ssl=1 997w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4h0b823  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h1>End of Life<\/h1>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module icon -->\n<div  class=\"module module-icon tb_q80w823  normal circle icon_horizontal tf_textl\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"module-icon-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<em class=\"tf_boxyellow\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t><svg  class=\"tf_fa tf-ti-angle-down\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#tf-ti-angle-down\" xlink:href=\"#tf-ti-angle-down\"><\/use><\/svg><\/em>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>scroll down<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module icon -->\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"4bah821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_4bah821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_i7z4823 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_7l5k823 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1165\" height=\"874\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1165%2C874&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4801\" title=\"4\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1165px) 100vw, 1165px\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_qlbx823 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_hhl9823  repeat  wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>End of Life Objectives<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_co50823  repeat  wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Provide global perspective on end-of-life conditions for older adults.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Describe the importance of ethics in science research.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><b>Explain why reduction of bias and peer review are essential in the research process.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_vqbu821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_ik65824 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1uwj824   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Elderly adults have varied experiences near the end of their lives.\u00a0 This video provides some perspective.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_96nb824 video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n                    <div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n            <div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n                                    <noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/417899093?h=&#038;pip=1&#038;playsinline=1&#038;portrait=0&#038;title=0&#038;byline=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\n                                <\/div>\n            <!-- \/video-wrap -->\n        <\/div>\n        <!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_dtre821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_q87f824 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_5pou824 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1165\" height=\"778\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?resize=1165%2C778&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4930\" title=\"shutterstock_485845441\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1165px) 100vw, 1165px\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_1ubh824 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8nwe824   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>There is a long history of groups being mis-represented or mistreated in medical research.\u00a0 This includes research on concerns specific to the elderly, who have been regarded as a lower priority that younger individuals.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_26h5821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_oonb824 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_p6ps824   \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Scientific knowledge is inadequate and possibly inaccurate if attempts are not made to engage in ethical conduct.\u00a0 The next section discusses ethical considerations, reduction of bias, and the significance of peer review.<\/strong><\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_pwsi824 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ery9825 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1165\" height=\"778\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?resize=1165%2C778&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4931\" title=\"shutterstock_740347384\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1165px) 100vw, 1165px\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_d8yv821 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_f3ff825 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_3mrk821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_r6f3825 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_g00u825  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">There are many critical characteristics that impact how science is actually done.\u00a0 At the end of this section, you are considering the importance of ethics, reduction of bias, and peer review in this guide&#8217;s media piece.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"ume9821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_ume9821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_pg6h825 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_2xya825  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 19\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<h3>ETHICS DEFINED:<\/h3>\n<h5>Ethics is a branch of philosophy that explores whether behaviors are right or wrong.\u00a0 This includes\u00a0 determining and following a moral course of action.<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_3k4e821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_fbgg826 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_jji0826 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-4.48.47-PM.png?resize=319%2C506\" width=\"319\" height=\"506\" alt=\"\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_l7db826 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_999w826  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Examples of Ethical Behaviors in Science<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<p>Here are a few examples of ethical behaviors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Sharing research data even when it does not support the original hypothesis or overall research agenda.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Making decisions because they are the best work you can do, even if the work takes more time, expense, or criticism.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Considering the health and well-being of research subjects.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Supporting researchers that make correct decisions, rejecting researchers who make incorrect decisions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_oxjj821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_y7yo827 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_k13v827  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Violations of Ethical Behaviors in Science<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Here are a few examples of unethical behaviors<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p>Inaccurate record-keeping, withholding data, or falsifying data.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p>Taking personal credit for someone else\u2019s work.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p>Promoting a personal agenda that the research does not support.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<p>Promoting a closed, hostile, or prejudicial research environment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Disregarding the comfort and well-being of research subjects.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_o469827 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1lpp827 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.34.19-PM.png?resize=408%2C662\" width=\"408\" height=\"662\" alt=\"\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"345z821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_345z821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_frze827 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cb3i827  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 19\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<h5><b>Safeguards against Unethical Behaviors:<\/b><\/h5>\n<h6>Scientists may make personal attempts to reduce bias and\/or share potential biases.\u00a0 Peer scientists who know about the field, review research from other scientists, in part to reduce unethical behaviors in science.<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_xx2u821 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_xmgc827 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"3f0w821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_3f0w821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_6ccr828 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_vj8g828  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 19\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<h3>BIAS DEFINED:<\/h3>\n<h5>Bias is a prejudice for or against something.\u00a0 Bias can limit someone\u2019s ability to function objectively throughout the research process.<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_69xs821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_4vei828 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_i0zr828 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.11.04-PM.png?resize=286%2C466\" width=\"286\" height=\"466\" alt=\"\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_0ish828 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_88jb828  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Reducing Bias in Science<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<p>Here are a few examples of reducing bias<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Being aware of potential sources of personal bias, including: nationality, ethnic origin, age, gender, political views, etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Looking for evidence of potential bias through all parts of the research process from the questions asked, the way data are interpreted, to analysis and interpretation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Having other scientists review the work, looking for possible bias.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"bqlc821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_bqlc821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_73z6828 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_u9aw828 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.11.28-PM.png?resize=829%2C434\" width=\"829\" height=\"434\" alt=\"\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_flt4828 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_nwdd828  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 19\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<h5><b>Question to Consider<\/b>:<\/h5>\n<h6>If you had data that did not support your research hypothesis or personal agenda, why would it be wrong to simply withhold that data?<\/h6>\n<h6><b><br \/>Image from: <\/b><b><i>Understanding Science<\/i><\/b><br \/><b>http:\/\/undsci.berkeley.edu\/article\/howscienceworks_16<\/b><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_m5yo821 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_iqzw829 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"bpiz821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_bpiz821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_s5f4829 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_v129829  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 19\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<h3>PEER REVIEW DEFINED:<\/h3>\n<h5>Peer review is a process by which scientists critique and evaluate proposed research and publications.\u00a0 Peer review is a way to maintain ethical standards in science.<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_zkq2821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-1 tb_yiod829 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_2grx829 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.24.00-PM.png?resize=355%2C575\" width=\"355\" height=\"575\" alt=\"\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-3 tb_vlto829 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_qhgk829  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Peer Review in Science<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<p>Here are a few examples of peer review<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>A panel of scientists conducting similar research reads a submitted paper and decides whether it is suitable for publication.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>A committee reviews a grant proposal and accepts it, recommends revisions, or rejects funding.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Fellow researchers attend a research seminar and offer suggestions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"boei821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_boei821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_j8bi829 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_78x4830 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.21.34-PM.png?resize=716%2C646\" width=\"716\" height=\"646\" alt=\"\">    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_e12y830 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1kt1830  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 19\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<h5><b>Question to Consider<\/b>:<\/h5>\n<h6>What is the advantage of obtaining information from a peer-reviewed &#8220;scientific&#8221; research paper instead of non-reviewed article on the web?<\/h6>\n<h6><b><br \/>Image from: <\/b><b><i>Understanding Science<\/i><\/b><br \/><b>http:\/\/undsci.berkeley.edu\/article\/howscienceworks_16<\/b><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_bvjq821 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_cnjb830 first\">\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"7ud5821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_7ud5821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_8kv5831 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_4a9e832  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>This is the end of the <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/#\">Non-Infectious Diseases<\/a> guide.\u00a0 Information from this guide and corresponding lecture, as well as the next <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/parasites-pathogens\/#\">Parasites &amp; Pathogens<\/a> guide, are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"8ko6821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_8ko6821 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_7mxx832 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_nys2832 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1165\" height=\"874\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1165%2C874&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-4801\" title=\"4\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1165px) 100vw, 1165px\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_x9xr832 last\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_v754832  repeat  wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_wgz7832  repeat  wow\" data-tf-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>provide global perspective on end-of-life conditions for older adults?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>describe the importance of ethics in science research?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><b>explain why reduction of bias and peer review are essential in the research process?<\/b><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"zddo821\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_zddo821 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner gutter-none col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_7lmo832 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_50r8832 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/diabetes\/#\">\n                   <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-364\" title=\"Number 3 orange square\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C770&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?w=997&amp;ssl=1 997w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/>        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_pt0t832  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Go back to the Diabetes Page<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_jg4x145 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_89j1145 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/#\">\n                   <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=100%2C100&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-361\" title=\"Guide Icon\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/>        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_a5qx145  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Go back to the Non-Infectious Diseases Guide Overview<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_0kvp399 tf_w\">\n                        <div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_80sg399 first\">\n                    <!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8per399  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Non-Infectious Diseases Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_9l8l399 solid  divider-custom divider-center\" style=\"border-width: 3px;border-color: #1a60a1;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 120px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_r2eg399  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h6>The material from this guide and corresponding lecture is assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tf_w col_align_top tb_col_count_4 tb_avfq399\">\n                <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_t15b400 first\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_bazs400 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/overview\/#\">\n                   <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-362\" title=\"Disease Overview\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C772&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?w=995&amp;ssl=1 995w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/overview\/#\">\n                        Disease Overview                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_vph4400\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_eoau400 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/cancer\/#\">\n                   <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-363\" title=\"Cancer\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C772&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?w=995&amp;ssl=1 995w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/cancer\/#\">\n                        Cancer                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_dssb400\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_ptpi400 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/diabetes\/#\">\n                   <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-364\" title=\"Diabetes\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C770&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?w=997&amp;ssl=1 997w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/diabetes\/#\">\n                        Diabetes                    <\/a>\n                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-1 tb_8fpi400 last\">\n                    <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_zdmh400 image-top   tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-365\" title=\"End of Life - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C770&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?w=997&amp;ssl=1 997w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <div class=\"image-content\">\n                    <h3 class=\"image-title\">\n                                    End of Life - YOU ARE HERE                            <\/h3>\n                    <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-content -->\n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                        <div  data-css_id=\"npaa451\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_npaa451 tf_w\">\n            <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <div class=\"row_inner gutter-none col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n                        <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_vfoh452 first\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_68n7452 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/#\">\n                   <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?resize=100%2C100&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-357\" title=\"Module Icon\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?resize=768%2C772&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?w=995&amp;ssl=1 995w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/>        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_s08w452  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Back to Module 8<\/h3>\n<h5>This week&#8217;s overview<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_a4c9452\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_i52e452 image-top drop-shadow  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/#\">\n                   <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=100%2C100&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-361\" title=\"Guide Icon\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/>        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_rbux452  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>This Guide<\/h3>\n<h6>Non-Infectious Diseases<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                    <div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_49nh453 last\">\n        <span  class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\" data-lazy=\"1\"><\/span>            <!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_iz50453 image-top drop-shadow circle  tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\">\n                   <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png?resize=100%2C368\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" alt=\"\">        <\/a>\n    \n        <\/div>\n    <!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n        <\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_0nnd453  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n        <h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3>\n<h5>Submit Products<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->        <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>End of Life scroll down End of Life Objectives Provide global perspective<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7483,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7527","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"builder_content":"<img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square-100x100.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" title=\"Number 4 orange square\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C770&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?w=997&amp;ssl=1 997w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/>\n<h1>End of Life<\/h1>\n<em ><svg xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><use href=\"#tf-ti-angle-down\" xlink:href=\"#tf-ti-angle-down\"><\/use><\/svg><\/em> scroll down\n<img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg\" title=\"4\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\n<h3>End of Life Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul> <li> <p><strong>Provide global perspective on end-of-life conditions for older adults.<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><strong>Describe the importance of ethics in science research.<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><b>Explain why reduction of bias and peer review are essential in the research process.<\/b><\/p> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Elderly adults have varied experiences near the end of their lives.\u00a0 This video provides some perspective.<\/strong><\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/417899093[\/embed]\n<img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg\" title=\"shutterstock_485845441\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_485845441.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>There is a long history of groups being mis-represented or mistreated in medical research.\u00a0 This includes research on concerns specific to the elderly, who have been regarded as a lower priority that younger individuals.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Scientific knowledge is inadequate and possibly inaccurate if attempts are not made to engage in ethical conduct.\u00a0 The next section discusses ethical considerations, reduction of bias, and the significance of peer review.<\/strong><\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg\" title=\"shutterstock_740347384\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/shutterstock_740347384.jpg?resize=1536%2C1025&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">There are many critical characteristics that impact how science is actually done.\u00a0 At the end of this section, you are considering the importance of ethics, reduction of bias, and peer review in this guide's media piece.<\/h5>\n<h3>ETHICS DEFINED:<\/h3> <h5>Ethics is a branch of philosophy that explores whether behaviors are right or wrong.\u00a0 This includes\u00a0 determining and following a moral course of action.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-4.48.47-PM.png\" width=\"319\" height=\"506\" alt=\"\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Examples of Ethical Behaviors in Science<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <p>Here are a few examples of ethical behaviors:<\/p> <ul> <li> <p>Sharing research data even when it does not support the original hypothesis or overall research agenda.<\/p> <\/li> <li> <p>Making decisions because they are the best work you can do, even if the work takes more time, expense, or criticism.<\/p> <\/li> <li> <p>Considering the health and well-being of research subjects.<\/p> <\/li> <li> <p>Supporting researchers that make correct decisions, rejecting researchers who make incorrect decisions.<\/p> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Violations of Ethical Behaviors in Science<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Here are a few examples of unethical behaviors<\/p> <ul> <li style=\"text-align: left;\"> <p>Inaccurate record-keeping, withholding data, or falsifying data.<\/p> <\/li> <li style=\"text-align: left;\"> <p>Taking personal credit for someone else\u2019s work.<\/p> <\/li> <li style=\"text-align: left;\"> <p>Promoting a personal agenda that the research does not support.<\/p> <\/li> <li style=\"text-align: left;\"> <p>Promoting a closed, hostile, or prejudicial research environment.<\/p> <\/li> <li> <p style=\"text-align: left;\">Disregarding the comfort and well-being of research subjects.<\/p> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.34.19-PM.png\" width=\"408\" height=\"662\" alt=\"\">\n<h5><b>Safeguards against Unethical Behaviors:<\/b><\/h5> <h6>Scientists may make personal attempts to reduce bias and\/or share potential biases.\u00a0 Peer scientists who know about the field, review research from other scientists, in part to reduce unethical behaviors in science.<\/h6>\n<h3>BIAS DEFINED:<\/h3> <h5>Bias is a prejudice for or against something.\u00a0 Bias can limit someone\u2019s ability to function objectively throughout the research process.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.11.04-PM.png\" width=\"286\" height=\"466\" alt=\"\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Reducing Bias in Science<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <p>Here are a few examples of reducing bias<\/p> <ul> <li> <p>Being aware of potential sources of personal bias, including: nationality, ethnic origin, age, gender, political views, etc.<\/p> <\/li> <li> <p>Looking for evidence of potential bias through all parts of the research process from the questions asked, the way data are interpreted, to analysis and interpretation.<\/p> <\/li> <li> <p>Having other scientists review the work, looking for possible bias.<\/p> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.11.28-PM.png\" width=\"829\" height=\"434\" alt=\"\">\n<h5><b>Question to Consider<\/b>:<\/h5> <h6>If you had data that did not support your research hypothesis or personal agenda, why would it be wrong to simply withhold that data?<\/h6> <h6><b><br \/>Image from: <\/b><b><i>Understanding Science<\/i><\/b><br \/><b>http:\/\/undsci.berkeley.edu\/article\/howscienceworks_16<\/b><\/h6>\n<h3>PEER REVIEW DEFINED:<\/h3> <h5>Peer review is a process by which scientists critique and evaluate proposed research and publications.\u00a0 Peer review is a way to maintain ethical standards in science.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.24.00-PM.png\" width=\"355\" height=\"575\" alt=\"\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Peer Review in Science<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <p>Here are a few examples of peer review<\/p> <ul> <li> <p>A panel of scientists conducting similar research reads a submitted paper and decides whether it is suitable for publication.<\/p> <\/li> <li> <p>A committee reviews a grant proposal and accepts it, recommends revisions, or rejects funding.<\/p> <\/li> <li> <p>Fellow researchers attend a research seminar and offer suggestions.<\/p> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Screen-Shot-2019-08-08-at-5.21.34-PM.png\" width=\"716\" height=\"646\" alt=\"\">\n<h5><b>Question to Consider<\/b>:<\/h5> <h6>What is the advantage of obtaining information from a peer-reviewed \"scientific\" research paper instead of non-reviewed article on the web?<\/h6> <h6><b><br \/>Image from: <\/b><b><i>Understanding Science<\/i><\/b><br \/><b>http:\/\/undsci.berkeley.edu\/article\/howscienceworks_16<\/b><\/h6>\n<h6>This is the end of the <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/#\">Non-Infectious Diseases<\/a> guide.\u00a0 Information from this guide and corresponding lecture, as well as the next <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/parasites-pathogens\/#\">Parasites &amp; Pathogens<\/a> guide, are assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg\" title=\"4\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?w=2000&amp;ssl=1 2000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/4-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\n<h5>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/h5>\n<ul> <li> <p><strong>provide global perspective on end-of-life conditions for older adults?<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><strong>describe the importance of ethics in science research?<\/strong><\/p> <\/li> <li> <p><b>explain why reduction of bias and peer review are essential in the research process?<\/b><\/p> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/diabetes\/#\"> <img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square-100x100.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" title=\"Number 3 orange square\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C770&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?w=997&amp;ssl=1 997w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/> <\/a>\n<h3>Go back to the Diabetes Page<\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/#\"> <img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon-100x100.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" title=\"Guide Icon\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/> <\/a>\n<h3>Go back to the Non-Infectious Diseases Guide Overview<\/h3>\n<h3>Non-Infectious Diseases Lecture Guide Contents<\/h3>\n\n<h6>The material from this guide and corresponding lecture is assessed on the weekly quiz.<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/overview\/#\"> <img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square-200x200.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Disease Overview\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C772&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-1-orange-square.jpg?w=995&amp;ssl=1 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/overview\/#\"> Disease Overview <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/cancer\/#\"> <img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square-200x200.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Cancer\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C772&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-2-orange-square.jpg?w=995&amp;ssl=1 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/cancer\/#\"> Cancer <\/a> <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/diabetes\/#\"> <img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square-200x200.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"Diabetes\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C770&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-3-orange-square.jpg?w=997&amp;ssl=1 997w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/> <\/a> <h3> <a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/diabetes\/#\"> Diabetes <\/a> <\/h3>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square-200x200.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" title=\"End of Life - YOU ARE HERE\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=200%2C200&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=768%2C770&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Number-4-orange-square.jpg?w=997&amp;ssl=1 997w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/> <h3> End of Life - YOU ARE HERE <\/h3>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/#\"> <img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon-100x100.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" title=\"Module Icon\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?resize=768%2C772&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Module-Icon.jpg?w=995&amp;ssl=1 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/> <\/a>\n<h3>Back to Module 8<\/h3> <h5>This week's overview<\/h5>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/campus-humanbio\/diseases\/non-infectious\/#\"> <img src=\"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon-100x100.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" title=\"Guide Icon\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=100%2C100&amp;ssl=1 100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/humanbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Guide-Icon.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/> <\/a>\n<h3>This Guide<\/h3> <h6>Non-Infectious Diseases<\/h6>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/oregonstate.instructure.com\"> <img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Screen-Shot-2018-10-14-at-10.32.37-PM-3.png\" width=\"100\" height=\"368\" alt=\"\"> <\/a>\n<h3>Direct Link to Canvas<\/h3> <h5>Submit Products<\/h5>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7527"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7629,"href":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7527\/revisions\/7629"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/humanbio.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}